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				  <H1>The simple name for the complex human supply system for the
					 first nine months of life is called the "placenta".</H1> 
				  <P CLASS="inhalt">The organ at the upper edge of the uterus is
					 called the placenta. It resembles a thick sponge; the mother&#146;s blood flows
					 inside its recesses.</P><IMG SRC="bilder/plazenta.jpg" ALT="placenta"
				  CLASS="grossbild" WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="428"> 
				  <P CLASS="inhaltklein">Picture credit: Lippert: Anatomie, 5th
					 edition, Page 349, reproduced with the kind permission of the Urbau &amp;
					 Schwarzenberg publishing house in Munich, all rights held by the publishers</P>
				  
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				  <P CLASS="inhalt">At one time, the Egyptians considered the
					 placenta to be the center of the soul and in the prominent families, at least,
					 it was retained throughout the "owner&#146;s" life. During ceremonial
					 occasions, a flag symbolizing the placenta was carried in front of the Pharaoh
					 to protect him. Thus, for several thousand years, we know what an important
					 function the placenta has between the nidation of the cell and birth. The use
					 of the placenta for medical purposes can be tracked back over several
					 centuries. Primitive medical science books already contained descriptions of
					 uses of the placenta for a long time. Primitive people, including some Indian
					 tribes in North America, also use the placenta for healing purposes. By
					 carefully preparing the placenta tissue, it is largely possible to retain the
					 extremely high content of natural substances and trace elements such as
					 hormones, enzymes, amino acids and vitamins. Some facilities sell the placentas
					 to the cosmetics industry, where they are processed into "face cream for mature
					 skin".</P> 
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				  <P CLASS="inhalt">For a specific time, the placenta separates the
					 blood streams of the mother and child. By the end of pregnancy, this extremely
					 powerful organ becomes a disk that is about 2 &#150; 4 centimeters thick, has a
					 diameter of approx 20 centimeters and weighs approximately one pound; its blood
					 vessels on the fetal side reach a length of 320 km. It supplies the child with
					 nutrition and oxygen via the umbilical cord during the pregnancy. The placenta
					 is considered to be a storage organ for life-sustaining vitamins and trace
					 elements; it produces hormones and immunity substances to fight off infections,
					 without which the body&#146;s own immune system is unable to function. As the
					 afterbirth, the placenta is not valued very highly by most women, even after
					 the organ has served its purpose. The midwife examines the placenta to ensure
					 it is complete. In many cultures, the placenta is then buried in the ground and
					 a tree is planted over it. This tree then becomes one&#146;s personal arbor
					 vitae (tree of life). If you have a garden, you can choose a nice spot for the
					 placenta and plant a tree over it. In Germany, a fruit or nut tree is
					 traditionally selected for this (fruit is etymologically [from a philological
					 point of view] related with obstetrics &#150; midwifery).</P>
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				  <P CLASS="inhalt">The diversity of tasks makes it plausible that
					 possible changes in the placenta can lead to massive, threatening disturbances
					 in the development of the child. Malfunctions are the cause for the major and
					 most frequent illnesses during pregnancy such as gestosis (also known as
					 pregnancy toxemia; the generic term used for pregnancy-specific illnesses as an
					 expression of a metabolic lapse as a result of the strain of pregnancy), delays
					 in the child&#146;s development and diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy).
					 Changes in the placenta can cause damage to the developing fetus.</P> 
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